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Sargodha city, the headquarters of the district with the same name, was founded in the year 1903 by Sir Malcolm Hailey, who afterwards became the Governor of the Punjab. The District of Sargodha lies between 31-300 and 32-350 North latitudes and between 72-050 and 73-150 East latitude. The whole area is part of the Chaj Doab i.e. land lying between the two rivers the Chanab and the Jhelum. The population of the District is about 3 million, with an area of 5854 sq.km, 607 feet above sea level. The District encompasses 6 Tehsils, Sargodha, Bhalwal, Kot Momin, Shahpur, Sahiwal and Silanwali. The District of Sargodha is bounded in the north by the Jhelum District, in the northeast and east by the Gujrat District, in the southwest and south by the Jhang District and in the west by the Khushab District. The climate is extreme i.e., very hot in summer and very cold in winter. The hottest months are May and June when mercury touches 52 centigrade. The name Sargodha consists of two words, namely; ‘Sar’ and ‘Godha’, Sar, means pond or pool and Godha was the name of a Hindu hermit (jogi). As the tradition goes, there was a natural water pond on the place where, at present, a portion of the Divisional Headquarters Hospital and Municipal Office stand. Godha had put up a small hut for himself on the side of this pond. The area around it was an uninhabited ‘bar’ or bush jungle where the cattle used to graze and drink water from the pond, named after the hermit (jogi). According to another tradition, the original name of the hermit (jogi) was Lalu; Godha was the name of his tribe, and he was known as Lalu Godha. When the new city was founded, it automatically took the name Sargodha. The word Godha is probably derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yoddha’, meaning fighter. Even now there are many persons having the name ‘Jodha’ as well as ‘Godha’, both derived from the word ‘Yoddha’. So Sargodha means pond of ‘Godha’ or Abode of the Fighter. It is, therefore, not a mere coincidence that Sargodha has made a name for itself, for fighting valiantly against the Indian Air Force during the wars of 1965 and 1971, as a result of which, it has won the well-deserved title of the City of Eagles. The city is very close to the heart of the Punjab, not just geographically but also in terms of cultural depth and diversity, now a city of about half a million. A big canal arising from the River Jhelum brought green revolution to the barren valley of Karana Hills. New settlers started pouring in, not only from the neighbouring districts but also from distant towns like Sialkot, Gujranwala and Gujrat. As a result of the partition in 1947 the Muslims from the East Punjab and the United Province (UP) added more colours to the already coloured and diverse culture of the city. Being the District headquarters since 1940, Sargodha was upgraded to the status of Divisional Headquarters in the year 1960. Apart from being a well planned city, Sargodha enjoys the distinction of being one of the most important bases of Pakistan Air Force. There is a beautiful cantonment area marked by the Pakistan Army. Sargodha is linked with all the major cities of the country by road and rail. The Motorway M2 has reduced remarkable time and distance; two hours travelling distance from the Provincial Capital (Lahore) and three hours from the Federal Capital (Islamabad). Train and Road Transport connections are very frequent and comfortable for all main cities of Pakistan, and maintain direct service to Peshawar, Karachi and Quetta. The District has loamy soil and is favourable for the flora of varied types. The indigenous species of flora are as follows: Trees: Kikar, Shisham, Jand, Wann, Karir, Ber, Malla, Lasuri, Lasura. Shrubs: Ak, Jawain, Sarkanda, Gondi, Harmal. Herbs: Pohli, Kandiari, Bathu, Bhakra, Lani Salooni Booti, Dahh, Murak. With the colonization the canal system, the following new species were introduced: Toot, sufeda, Malta, Kinno, Mango, Jaman, Nimbo, Guava, Aru, Amaltas, Neem, Dharek, Bans, Banyan, Peepal. Among the fruit trees, citrus occupies extensive area of the District. Mango and Jaman are slos quite common. The last decade has seen Sargodha expanding and prospering. Heavy investment was attracted in the field of industry, especially the agricultural industry. A number of national and multi-national companies have established their offices and new investment is being pumped into the city’s economy. Establishment of the University has brought about a change in the entire culture of the city. Sargodha is a smart and exceptionally cheap place to shop. Getting around the city is very easy. It has an affordable comprehensive transport network. With its lush-green and glowing citrus orchards, the District of Sargodha, the greatest citrus (Kinno) producer throughout the world, deserves the title of the “Kinno Capital of the World”, or the “California of Pakistan”.

Sargodha (Urdu: سرگودھا) is administrative center of Sargodha District of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Sargodha is the 11th largest city of Pakistan and 5th largest of Punjab. Sargodha is located in the north-east of Pakistan. It is known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries.[2] Sargodha is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan, the other being Gwadar, Jauharabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad and Islamabad. Pakistan's largest airbase, PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sarghoda and hosts the headquarters of the Pakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School, an elite training facility for training Pakistan Air Force pilots in fighter tactics and weapons.

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History The term Sargodha has its origins in the words Sar, meaning pond, and Godha, meaning sadhu. Sargodha is famously called as the city of eagles, due it its popular air base Sargodha was a small town at the beginning of the British Empire but, due to its geographical location, the British Royal Air Force built an airport there. It took on greater importance after the Independence of Pakistan for the Pakistan Air Force. Shahpur, which is now a tehsil of Sargodha District, was the district at that time. Most parts of the tehsil Sillanwali and Kirana Hills region were part of Jhang district and were included later during the British Raj in the Sargodha district. Many writers have come from Sargodha, including Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi,Prof Ghulam Gilani Asghar (former Principal Govt College Sargodha,now University of Sargodha), Wazir Ali Agha, Anwar Sadid, Wasi Shah, Moeen Nizami, Abdulqadir Hassan, Zaheer Ud Din Zaheer, Dr. Prince Sajjad (London, UK),Dr. Muhammad Nawaz (Sweden/Norway), and Haroon-ur-Rashid. Singers who hail from Sargodha District include Maloko, Muratab Ali, and Ali Arshad. Sargodha division has also shown talent in sports. The cricket legends Imran Khan, Misbahulhaq, Samiullah Niazi (all from Mianwali), Muhammad Hafeez, Naved Latif (from Sargodha), Shafqat and Muhammad Shabbir, Olympians from hockey, are from Sargodha division. Famous Indian writer Khushwant Singh and famous Urdu writer Satyapal Anand were born in Sargodha division and shifted to India after partition in 1947. The 1965 war with India on September 6, 1965 meant the city was a prime target for India, due to the city's close proximity to the neighbouring rival. The citizens of Sargodha supported the Pakistan Army against the advancing of the Indian Army into Pakistan. In 1966, recognising this bravery, the Government of Pakistan awarded the city of Sargodha as well as Sialkot and Lahore with the award of Hilal-E-Istaqlal. The city also has a Pakistan Air Force base within its city. The PAF Base Sargodha now known as PAF Base Mushaf, named after the late Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir, a former Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force. The strategic location of the base has allowed the Air Force to carry out experimental work within the city. Sial Shareef is the most famous and blessed place of Sargogha. People all over the country and world come to Sial Shareef to gain spiritual education and for religious education. Khawja Muhammad Qamar Ud Din Sialvi was a the greatest saint, religious scholar of Sial Shareef (Sargodha). He took an active part in the Muslim League movement to gain Pakistan. He was entitled Sheikh Ul Islam by the Government of Pakistan.[clarification needed] Demographics According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 2,665,979, of which 27.96% lived in urban settlements.The little village of Takhat Hazra is situated in Sargodhah district; it is famous as the hometown of Ranjha,the major character of the love story Heer Ranjha. Another historical city, Bhera, is located in Sargodha near the Jehlum River. Maulana Haji Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, a close companion of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, and first successor of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, hails from Bhera. Geography and climate It is located 172 kilometres northwest of Lahore, in Sargodha District. It lies about 30 miles from the M2 motorway, which connects Lahore and Islamabad. It is connected to the M2 by several interchanges at different locations. Sargodha is roughly 94 km from Faisalabad, due southeast. Directly east connected by the M2 motorway are Lahore and the route to Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Due east is the city of Jhang; toward the west are the city of Mianwali and the Chashma Barrage. Dera Ismail Khan is located 232 km southwest from the city. Sargodha mainly comprises flat, fertile plains, which are the ideal conditions for cultivation of the land. There are a few small hills on the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides, and the River Chenab lies on the eastern side of the city. The city has a climate of extreme heat and cold. The maximum temperature reaches 50 °C (122 °F) in the summer while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as freezing point in the winter. Government Sargodha is the capital of Sargodha Tehsil. Until divisions were abolished in the year 2000, Sargodha was the divisional headquarters of Sargodha Division. As of October 2008, the division system in Punjab Province has been restored, and Sargodha became the divisional headquarters of Sargodha District, Khushab District, Mianwali District and Bhakkar District. The city of Sargodha is administratively subdivided into 22 union councils. Economy Kinnows (mandarin oranges) are a speciality fruit produced in high amounts in the city. Sargodha is largely an agricultural and industrial city. The vast fields in the city have allowed the farmers to develop a range of crops and animal breeding programs. Some of the main crops include citrus, wheat, rice, and sugar cane, which are exported to the other cities as well as internationally. Citrus fruits such as oranges (locally known as kinnows) and guavas are the main fruits grown in the district. Jaman, pears, dates, pomegranates, phalsa and almonds are also grown in minor quantities. Turnips, onions, cauliflower, potatoes and tomatoes are the main vegetables grown in the district. The main livestock for the city include goats, sheep, buffaloes and cattle. Even with agricultural goods being the major income generator for the city as well as the district, the economy and industry has been diversifying itself to generate more demand for other goods which can be manufactured and produced in the city. Other industrial markets include: beverages, manufacture of diesel engines, foundry products, glass products, leather footwear, oil mills, pesticides, insecticides, poultry feed, plastics, readymade garments, tanning and textiles. Education Sargodha is home to the University of Sargodha as well as several institutions of higher education and research centres: Federal Government Public High School Sargodha Cantt F.G.Public High School Sargodha Cantt Air Base Inter College Sargodha PAF Public School Sargodha Sargodha Catholic High School Punjab College Sargodha University of Sargodha Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha KTK School System Connoisseur Grammar School British Education Center PAF Sargodha Fazaia Inter College Army Public School and College Sargodha Cantt. Allama Iqbal Open University Al Suffah Girls College Acme College of Excellence Northwestern Theological Seminary Progressive Public School & College Superior College Sargodha The Punjab Girls High School Al Suffah Saviour High School Beaconhouse School System Govt Model High School No.2 Sargodha Govt.Boys High School Jauhar Colony Sargodha. MC Boys Primary School 23 Block Sargodha Sanai School System Govt.College of Technology Sargodha Govt. College of Commerce Sargodha Comprehensive School Comprehensive Model College Sargodha Institute of Technology ILM College, Boys & Girls ITM College of Commerce & Science Dar-e-Arqam Schools & Colleges Zia ul Quran Grammar School Kheyaban-e-Sadiq Misali Ravien Science Academy & High School Govt.Comprehensive High School Nishan-e-Haider School Aziz Bhatti Town Zia Shams Ul Islam Sial Shareef Government Girls Degree College Government Central Model High School New Satellite Town Languages Punjabi is the main language of the people. Urdu is also spoken. English is used in offices and used as one of the main educational language. In some areas (such as Chak Mangla), a mixture of Punjabi and Saraiki is spoken. There is no official name for this language, but it is commonly known as Jungli-Punjabi. Media FM-96 Sunrise Pakistan Radio Pakistan Sargodha (FM 93 MHz) FM Bhalwal (FM 104 MHz) Pakistan Television Sargodha at a glance Population 234,000 Area (square kilometers) 5,854 Population density (per km2) 455 Tehsils Sargodha, Bhalwal, Sahiwal, Kotmomin, Silanwali, Shahpur Main towns Bhera, Miani, Phularwan, Kotmomin, Lulliani, MoazzamAbad, Farooqa, Jhawrian Main crops Sugarcane, Wheat, Rice, Maize, Cotton Main fruits Citrus, Guavas, Mangoes Main vegetables Turnips, Onions, Cauliflower, Potatoes, Tomatoes Forest area (in acres) || 1,443 Total paved roads (km) || 1,721 No. of grid stations 16 No. of telephone exchanges 42 Major industries Beverage, Citrus Grading, Cotton Ginning & Pressing, Dairy Products, Bakelite, Diesel Engines, Electric Goods, Flour Mills, Fruit Juices, Fruit Preservation, General Engineering, Glass & Glass Products, Leather Footwear, Oil Mills, Packages, Pesticides / Insecticides, Poultry Feed, PVC Pipe, Readymade Garments, Sugar, Tannery, Textile Composite, Textile Spinning and Vegetable Ghee & Cooking Oil

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